Diabetes type I:
Although type 1 diabetes can appear at any age, it appears at two noticeable peaks. The first peak occurs in children between 4 and 7 years old, and the second is in children between 10 and 14 years old.
You can get type 1 diabetes at any age.People of all ages can develop type 1 diabetes. If you have type 1 diabetes, your pancreas doesn't make insulin or makes very little insulin. Insulin helps blood sugar enter the cells in your body for use as energy. Without insulin, blood sugar can't get into cells and builds up in the bloodstream.
Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, but usually appears before the age of 40, particularly in childhood. You can get type 1 diabetes at any age, but it usually develops in children, teens, or young adults.
Type 1 diabetes start suddenly.In people with type 1 diabetes, the onset of symptoms can be very sudden, while in type 2 diabetes, they tend to come about more gradually, and sometimes there are no signs at all. Symptoms sometimes occur after a viral illness.
Type 1 diabetes used to be called "juvenile diabetes," because it's usually diagnosed in children and teens. But don't let that old-school name fool you. It can start when you're a grownup, too.
With type 1 diabetes, an infection or another trigger causes the body to mistakenly attack the beta cells of Langerhan's in the pancreas that make insulin. The tendency to develop autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, can be inherited from your parents too.
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. Usually, the body's own immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria and viruses mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing (islet, or islets of Langerhans) cells in the pancreas. Other possible causes include: Genetics.
Medication:
Insulin is the best medication for type 1 diabetes.Insulin is the essential treatment to manage blood sugar in people with type 1 diabetes.Pumps or regular injections can supply insulin to people with type 1 diabetes and prevent blood glucose from rising to dangerous levels. But insulin treatment comes with health risks and high costs. Currently, no oral drugs are approved to treat the disease.
The truth is, while type 1 diabetes can be managed with insulin, diet and exercise, there is currently no cure. However, researchers with the Diabetes Research Institute are now working on treatments to reverse the disease, so that people with type 1 diabetes can live healthy lives without medication.
Insulin is the medication that is first line treatment for type 1 diabetes.Insulin injected subcutaneously is the first-line treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). The different types of insulin vary with respect to onset and duration of action. Short-, intermediate-, and long-acting insulins are available.
The latest treatment for diabetes type 1:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes loss of pancreatic beta cells, which produce endogenous insulin. To replace that, patients must take exogenous insulin by shots or pump and are at risk of dangerous low blood sugar events. There is no current oral treatment for this disease.
The life expectancy of with type 1 diabetes:
The investigators found that men with type 1 diabetes had an average life expectancy of about 66 years, compared with 77 years among men without it.Women with type 1 diabetes had an average life expectancy of about 68 years, compared with 81 years for those without the disease, the study found.
The addition of metformin in type 1 diabetes improves insulin sensitivity, diabetic control, body composition and patient well-being.
Diagnosis of Type I diabetes:
(1) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test. It measures your average blood glucose level for 2 to 3 months.
(2) Random blood sugar test. It checks your blood glucose at a random time of day.
(3)Fasting blood sugar test. Your doctor does this first thing in the morning, before you've eaten.There is no cure for type 1 diabetes – not yet. However, a cure has long been thought probable.Diabetes type1 patients have to inject insulin forever.People who have type 1 diabetes must take insulin as part of their treatment. Because their bodies can't make insulin anymore, they need to get the right amount to keep their blood sugar levels in a healthy range.
Future of type 1 diabetes treatment:
Current status of treatment of diabetes type1:
(1) Transplantation of Islet cells:
Islet transplantation has emerged over the past few decades as a potential cure for Type 1 diabetes. With healthy transplanted islets, Type 1 diabetes patients may no longer need insulin injections, but transplantation efforts have faced setbacks as the immune system continues to eventually reject new islets.
(2)Nanotherapy offers new hope for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes
(3) Immunotherapy:One of the most promising advances in recent years are immunotherapies. Immunotherapies could in future help to prevent, stop and cure type 1 diabetes by reprogramming the immune system so it no longer attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
(4)Stem cells therapy may cure type 1 diabetes: Researchers believe that it is possible to replace the damaged islet cells with new healthy cells, but this might also require a way to prevent your body's immune system from attacking and destroying these new cells. This would essentially be a possible cure for type 1 diabetes. This is where stem cells come in.
Clinical trial tests stem cell therapy h to cure people with type 1 diabetes are carried out.
Dr. Bhairavsinh Raol
