In 1796, Edward Jenner introduced the modern smallpox vaccine. Edward Jenner is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox. In 1967, the WHO intensified efforts to eliminate the disease. Smallpox is one of the infectious diseases to have been eradicated.In 1980, the World Health Assembly declared smallpox eradicated (eliminated), and no cases of naturally occurring smallpox have happened thereafter.Since smallpox was eradicated in 1980, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as the most threatening orthopoxvirus in the world.The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the latest mpox outbreak in Africa